The Earth’s inner core, predominantly composed of iron with a minor admixture of nickel and light elements, is a critical component in understanding our planet’s magnetic field and thermal evolution.

Deep beneath the surface of our planet lies the Earth’s core, a solid ball of iron under crushing pressure. Now, however, scientists conducting laboratory experiments have found evidence suggesting it ...

For generations, scientists have probed the structure and composition of the planet using seismic wave studies. This consists of measuring shock waves caused by earthquakes as they penetrate and pass ...

A schematic diagram for the three constituent parts of Earth system science and their functional elements A schematic diagram for the behavior of physical, chemical and biological interactions within ...

1. Introduction -- 2. General physical and chemical models of the Earth's lower mantle -- 3. Lower-mantle mineral associations -- 4. Ultramafic lower-mantle mineral associations -- 5. Mafic ...