The first sugar substitutes, like saccharine, became commonly used during the First World War when real sugar became scarce. They weren’t a way to lose weight. They were a way to replace what was no ...

> There is no shortage of atabrine, the synthetic substitute for quinine. > But if more is needed, the atabrine patents will be available, royalty free, to a score of pharmaceutical manufacturers who ...

Researchers have synthesized a set of chemical relatives of DNA that can base pair and transfer information with it. They then evolved enzymes that could copy it, and showed that the synthetic genetic ...